Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This nerve controls sensation and movement in parts of the hand, including the thumb and first three fingers.
Causes
- Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities like typing or using tools that involve repetitive wrist motion.
- Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.
- Pregnancy: Fluid retention can increase pressure in the carpal tunnel.
Symptoms
- Numbness and Tingling: Particularly in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
- Pain: Can extend from the wrist to the arm.
- Weakness: Difficulty gripping objects or performing fine motor tasks.
Diagnosis
- Physical Exam: Checking for symptoms when the wrist is flexed.
- Nerve Conduction Studies: Measuring the speed of nerve impulses.
- Electromyography (EMG): Assessing muscle activity and nerve function.
Treatment
- Non-Surgical: Wrist splints, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and lifestyle modifications.
- Surgical: Carpal tunnel release surgery to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
Prevention
- Ergonomic Adjustments: Proper hand positioning and taking frequent breaks during repetitive tasks.
- Stretching Exercises: Regular wrist and hand exercises to maintain flexibility.
Early treatment is crucial to prevent permanent nerve damage and restore hand function.